On March 15, scientific researchers performed a liquid dye synthesis experiment at the Zhejiang Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory) in Keqiao District, Shaoxing City.In recent years, local green and environmentally friendly new equipment and advanced processes have been introduced to promote the transformation and upgrading of the textile printing and dyeing industry to low pollution, high -tech, and high value -added.Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinzheng
Since 2022, the treatment of new pollutants has been written into the work report of my country’s government for three consecutive years.
With the in -depth advancement of the construction of beautiful China, my country’s ecological environmental protection work is being governed from sensory indicators such as “haze” and “black odor” to the development of new pollutants with long -term and concealed harm.
The “hard bone” that must be stabbed
What are new pollutants?
At present, new pollutants widely concerned at home and abroad mainly include the persistent organic pollutants, endocrine interference, and antibiotics of international convention control.The production and use of toxic and harmful chemicals is the main source of new pollutants.
The reason why new pollutants are called “new”, on the one hand, compared to conventional pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5; on the other hand, there are many types of new pollutants and can be recognized.It will continue to increase.At present, there are more than 20 categories of new pollutants that are concerned about, and each category contains dozens of or hundreds of chemicals.
Jiang Guibin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the School of Resources and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that “in unknowingly contact, persistent retain, and difficult to detect the harm of human health and environmental systems.feature”.With the continuous understanding of the understanding and the continuous development of environmental monitoring technology, the types and quantities of new pollutants will continue to change.
According to the documents, the atmosphere, water, and soil in some areas of my country have successively monitored new pollutants such as endocrine interference, antibiotics, and microplastics in some areas.It is generally believed that new pollutants are gradually becoming a new difficulty in the continuous improvement of the quality of atmosphere, water, and soil environment. It is also “the” hard bone ‘that must be stabbed after the haze and black and odorous water bodies “.
New pollutants are not easy.
my country is currently the largest production and use of chemical products in the world, and it is also the most important supplier of chemical raw materials. There are more than 50,000 chemicals used in use.There are many consumption industries for these chemicals, and some chemicals are closely related to important areas such as agricultural production, daily necessities, and aerospace products.
Hu Jianxin, a professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Peking University, wrote that the annual production scale of short -chain chlorine chloride chloride chlorine chlorine chlorine chlorine and chlorine can reach millions of tons and “poisonous death” (Note: a pesticide) involving agricultural production and food safety.It is more difficult. In terms of acquisition, performance, cost, environment and safety, there may be conflicts, and it is difficult to achieve perfect beauty, which brings great challenges to the treatment of new pollutants in the future.
New pollutants are mainly involved in the chemical industry and its downstream industrial chain.In recent years, my country’s industrial technology and management level has been greatly improved as a whole, but some companies are still at the low end of the industrial chain, and the technical level and management capabilities are uneven.In cities with fast industrial development and urbanization process, improper waste treatment will lead to the residue of organic chlorine compounds, and industrial activities such as mining and smelting will lead to heavy metal emissions and residual problems.Frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural areas will cause discharge and residual problems of organic phosphorus compounds.
The foundation of the foundation is weak, and it is also a problem that needs to be cracking.Jiang Guibin found that the key point of the governance of new pollutants is “new”, and the difficulty is also “new”.Because of the “new”, there are problems such as monitoring methods that cannot keep up, the contamination bottom is unclear, the environmental process is unclear, the environmental harm is not mastered, and the conventional prevention method does not work.
The toxicity mechanism of new pollutants is not clear and the lack of efficient purification technology has also hindered the governance process of new pollutants.Jiang Guibin suggested to accelerate the establishment of the “special science and technology specialization of pollutants”, promote cross -integration and high -tech applications of disciplines, develop new pollutants prevention and control and risk early warning theoretical and technical system, and strengthen technical support for new pollutants.
my country also faces prominent problems in coexistence of new pollutants and traditional pollutants.
Already clear deployment
The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the management of new pollutants.
The “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the State Council of the Communist Party of China on the In -depth In -In -Deeper Pollution Prevention and Control Battle Battle” announced clearly, and made a clear deployment of new pollutants.Half a year later, in May 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the “New Pollution Governance Action Plan” (hereinafter referred to as the “Action Plan”).This plan put forward requirements for the governance of new pollutants from the aspects of overall requirements, action measures to protection measures.
What are the goals for new pollutants?
The “Action Plan” requires that by 2025, my country will complete a chemical and environmental risk screening of high attention, high yield (use), and complete a number of chemical substance environmental risk assessments; dynamically release the list of new pollutants for key management and control; New pollutants implement environmental risk control measures such as prohibition, restrictions, and restrictions.The system and management mechanism of toxic and harmful chemicals have gradually established and improved, and the governance capacity of new pollutants has increased significantly.
How to act with new pollutants?
The “Action Plan” made 18 specific arrangements from 6 aspects, including improving regulations and systems, conducting investigation and monitoring, strict source control, strengthening process control, deepening of end governance, and strengthening capacity building.For example, in terms of improving the regulations and systems and establishing and improving the new pollutant governance system, the “Action Plan” proposes to improve the regulations and systems, establish and improve the technical standard system, and establish and improve the management mechanism of new pollutants.Requires the establishment of the ecological environment departments, and develop reform, technology, industrial and information, finance, housing, urban and rural construction, agricultural and rural, business, health, customs, market supervision, drug supervision and other departments participating in new pollutant governance coordination mechanisms, Coordinate to promote the management of new pollutants.
In terms of investigation and monitoring and assessing the environmental risk of new pollutants, the “Action Plan” proposes to establish a chemical substance environment information survey system, establish a new pollutant environment survey and monitoring system, establish a chemical substance environmental risk assessment system, and dynamically release key new pollution of new pollutionSpecific measures such as material lists.Clear requirements, for the chemicals listed in the preferred control of chemicals, as well as other key new pollutants such as antibiotics and micro -plastic, formulate “one product, one policy” management and control measures, carry out the technical feasibility and economic and social impact assessment of control measures, and identify priority to identify priorityControl the main environmental discharge sources of chemicals, formulate and revise relevant industry emission standards in a timely manner, dynamically update toxic and harmful pollutants, toxic and harmful water pollutants list, and key control of soil toxic and harmful substances.
The “Action Plan” proposes to carry out pilot projects for new pollutants.It is required to focus on petrochemicals, coatings, textile printing, rubber, pesticides, pesticides, pesticides, pesticides, rubber, pesticides, rubber, pesticides, pesticides, and pesticidesIn the pharmaceutical industry, a number of key enterprises and industrial parks are selected to carry out pilot projects for new pollutants to control, forming a number of toxic and harmful chemicals green substitutes, new pollutants emission reduction, sewage sludge, and new pollutant treatment demonstration technology in waste liquid waste residues.EssenceEncourage conditions to formulate incentive policies, promote enterprises to try first, and reduce the generation and emissions of new pollutants.
In general, the “Action Plan” designed the “three -step” governance work path.The first step is to “screen”, screening out of pollutants with a large potential environmental risk, and incorporate the scope of environmental risk assessment; the second is “evaluation”. For the screened chemicals, it will have the environment and health of the environment and health.New pollutants with greater risks are the key control objects; the third step is “control”. For the key management and control objects determined in the first two steps, comprehensive management and control measures are implemented.
The “Action Plan” clarifies several critical time nodes for governing new pollutants.
For example, the first batch of key new pollutants was released in 2022.During the “14th Five -Year Plan” period, a number of key management and control of new pollutants was carried out.Before the end of 2025, a number of high -poisonous and high -risk pesticide varieties are completed.Local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of the governance of new pollutants. The provincial people’s governments are the main body of the organization and implementation of this action plan.Task, clarify the division of labor and implement the work.Relevant departments of the State Council should strengthen division of labor and cooperation, jointly do a good job of governance of new pollutants, and evaluate the implementation of the plan of this action in 2025.
In the year of the “Action Plan”, the Chinese government work report proposed that the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants was strengthened, and garbage classification and reduction, resource -based.The following year, my country’s government work report proposed to strengthen the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants.In this year’s government work report, the relevant statement is to strengthen the treatment of solid waste, new pollutants, and plastic pollution.
Earlier this year, Xinhua News Agency announced the “Opinions of the State Council of the Communist Party of China on comprehensively promoting the construction of beautiful China”, and the opinions demanded that the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants is required.Accelerate the construction of “non -waste cities”, continue to promote the management of new pollutants, and promote the realization of “non -waste” and environmental health in urban and rural areas.Strengthen the comprehensive treatment of solid waste, restrict overpasuring goods, and control plastic pollution throughout the chain.Deepen the entry work of “foreign garbage” in an all -round way, and strictly prevent the smuggling and imported in disguise in various forms of solid waste.Strengthen the supervision and disposal capacity of hazardous waste, and strengthen the pollution control of tailings with the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin.Develop regulations for environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals.By 2027, the construction ratio of “non -waste cities” will reach 60%, and the intensity of solid waste will decrease significantly; by 2035, the construction of “non -waste cities” will be fully covered.Environmental risk is effectively controlled.
In the same year, many provinces in my country mentioned the governance of “new pollutants” in the government work report.Promoting the construction of “non -waste cities” and strengthening the governance of new pollutants is a common goal.
Strengthen synergy governance
The characteristics of the new pollutants are determined that coordinated governance is needed.
The environmental risk of new pollutants is an environmental issue facing the world.
The titration mentioned in “Silent Spring” is one of the chemicals with typical new pollutants. Its harm is over half a century and affects every corner of the world.Professor Hu Jianxin pointed out: “The governance of some new pollutants requires global actions. In addition to durable, biological accumulation, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and other biological toxicity, some new pollutants also have the potential of long -distance migration potential.With the migration of cross -international borders such as air, water, or migration species, and deposits in areas that are away from its emissions point, causing global environmental pollution problems. “
In terms of new pollutants, my country has a cross -department coordination mechanism.
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposes an important task of “carrying out new pollutants governance”.Shortly, the first meeting of the “Inter -Coordinating Group for the New Pollutant Governance” was held in Beijing on November 4, 2022.The leader of the coordination team is Huang Runqiu, Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.In addition to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, member units of the inter -ministerial coordination team also include the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban -Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, the Ministry of Commerce, the Health and Health Commission, the Customs Department, the CBRC and other departments.
On February 2, 2024, the second meeting of the group was held.The meeting proposed that it is necessary to give full play to the role of the promotion mechanism of new pollutants, strengthen cross -departmental joint operations, increase the guidance and assistance of local counterpart departments and enterprises, strengthen supervision and law enforcement and tracking, and systematically promote the key tasks of new pollutants governance.Breakthrough progress.In addition, it is mentioned that it is necessary to accelerate the legislation of new pollutant governance, promote the implementation of the special projects of major science and technology, plan a number of major projects, strengthen policy support such as fiscal, taxation, finance, and price, and to play “combination fists” such as the rule of law, science and technology, and policies.
In addition to inter -ministerial coordination, there are inter -provincial cooperation.
For example, Sichuan and Chongfeng jointly promote the management of new pollutants.On March 14 this year, Sichuan -Chongqing provinces and cities were held in Chongqing for the first time in Chongqing.The meeting notified the development of new pollutants in 2023 and the work plan of 2024.The meeting proposed that the survey and monitoring of Sichuan -Chongqing joint new pollutants was carried out, and the current status of new pollutants such as antibiotics and full fluoride compounds focused on promoting the chemical risk assessment of chemical substances in Chengdu and Chongqing.Provide evidence.
Some provinces are carried out pilot work.
For example, Jiangsu is a pilot province of new pollutants environmental monitoring, which monitors the pollution points in water sources and air in the two pilot industrial development zones.Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces carried out the pilot investigation, monitoring and evaluation of new pollutants in key industries.Anhui Province focused on the survey of the entire process of monitoring and environmental information, conducted law enforcement inspections on the production and processing of new chemical substances, and carried out pilot projects such as the basic information survey of chemical substances.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region carried out pilot projects for survey and risk assessment of new pollutants in the Yellow River Basin and the “One Lake, Two Sea” in the region, and carried out non -targeted screening and quantitative monitoring of new pollutants.Shaanxi Province has carried out pilots of compensation for new pollutants’ ecological environmental damage to provide guarantee for the promotion of clean production and green manufacturing.
At present, all localities have piloted in terms of key industries, key areas, key basin, process monitoring and results guarantee, and formed a multi -level and multi -dimensional pilot network.These pilots are part of the management of new pollutants.In some places, they also focus on improving legal guarantees, issuing soil pollution prevention and control, etc., and clearly implement the treatment of new pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants.
According to the plan, in 2025, Jiangsu will initially establish a new pollutant environment survey and monitoring system. Shandong will initially establish a new pollutant governance system.
Time is tight, and the task is heavy.(Chen Zhenkai Li Xinran)
Source: People’s Daily Overseas Edition
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